Smartphones - is there nothing they can't be blamed for?

The head line for this article is "Smartphones Blames for Dramatic Rise in Head Lice as Schoolchildren Gather Together to View Screens".  I had an instant reaction to it because I thought "Are they saying lice are being transmitted via smartphones?  Smartphones are inanimate objects and head lice wouldn't go on them!"  Then I read further and realized that it was about children having higher instances of head lice when they have their own smartphones or tablets and experts guess that this is because they are gathering close together to watch something on the small screen.  Though higher transmission around this particular activity is just a guess, I think this makes sense as the idea that lice are transmitted from head to head contact is proven. And it really is head touching head - don't believe this article when they use the unhelpful choice of words "allowing the bugs to jump between heads" because as we all know, head lice can't jump.

One thing to note though - the researchers were somehow able to determine that taking selfies was not a significant contributor to this stat.  I don't know how this was determined but it also makes sense to me.  The head to head contact of a selfie is brief and I think it is less likely that a louse would take the risk of leaving one warm head for another in this short period of time.

I would love to read the research on all of this but I could not find the original study with these claims.  (Update:  I found it.)And I really hope that no one becomes hyper-vigilant against children having personal electronic devices just because of this study.  While smartphones and tablets are often blamed for causing children to be isolated or disconnected from in-person relationships, here's one example where they are bringing children together.  Let's leave the children to their own devices (see what I did there?) within healthy limits for media use, encourage closeness, and do regular wet combing lice checks to prevent any lice sharing from becoming a problem.

I didn't know him. But I liked him.

Thank you to the commenter who let me know about the death of Rick Speare, researcher, doctor, veterinarian and photographer of my favourite lice pictures.  If you would like to know more about this amazing man, here's his Wikipedia page, and if you would like to donate to his memorial fund at James Cook University, you can do so here.

 

 

It's a bird...It's a plane...No, it's just a bug.

My friend sent me a link to a news story about a new study on "Super Lice" - lice that have gene mutations that have been linked to permethrin/pyrethrin resistance (the two most common pesticides found in lice "shampoos".)  Click here for The Telegraph's take on the story.

This big new news story is sure to cause some people to panic about head lice and wonder, "What ever will we do to stop head lice?" The answer is wet combing.  This news story is not new; lice have been shown to be resistant to these chemicals for years.  And, when I was doing home lice removal, almost 100% of my clients had first tried lice treatments that had contained permethrin (as found in Nix) or pyrethrin (as found in R&C).  But lice cannot build up a resistance to the simple act of taking the lice and nits off of the head.

Lice combing is not the most exciting activity.  But it is cheap (cheaper than buying the "shampoos")  and it works (better than the shampoos).  Now, I have a cheap but good lice comb already (and I recommend you have one on hand as well).  If one of my kids were to get head lice, which has happened, I would grab my comb and my conditioner and give my kid a combing faster than the time it would take me to go out and purchase a "shampoo", treat the hair, wait the amount of time the directions tell you to wait, wash the stuff out of the hair. I know that I would have to do more than one combing, but don't kid yourself with the "shampoos" - you have to do these more than once; some studies say that you have to now do them three times.  AND these "shampoos" still come with a comb and tell you to comb out the bugs and eggs.  These convenient treatments are not so convenient.  And, as we see with these news stories, they are not that effective.

So, have no fear of Super Lice.  You may not be able to leap over tall buildings in a single bound, but with a good lice comb, you can still fight the bad guys.

Another Question Period

Still recovering from the busy holiday season, I'm trying to catch up on some questions I've received from commenters.  I have paraphrased and combined some questions just to get at the heart of what is being asked. Let's begin...

You say that a hair dryer is a good thing but I did a lice treatment and the instructions said a blow dryer is a bad thing.  Also, I've heard my child can't go swimming after a head lice treatment. Why?

I cover this in an earlier blog post but I still have been asked these questions recently.  The neurotoxic pesticide in many lice treatments doesn't kill lice instantly.  It kills over time.  But things like blow drying or the chlorination from going swimming may make the pesticide inactive. Which is fine by me because pesticides like permethrin are no longer that effective anyway which is why I never recommend them.

What is your personal lice checking routine with your family? Describe your spot checks?

My daughters get a quick lice check in the bath once a week. My son does his own lice checks now. When I say quick, I mean quick.  I don't even use a metal lice comb for it.  I have a regular plastic fine tooth comb and I comb through their detangled conditioned hair.  I check the comb after each stroke for signs of bugs. Takes about a minute. If I find an egg or a bug, then I bring out the lice comb and start combing while my child is still in the tub. This lice combing takes about 20 minutes. I used to then follow this up by blow drying my child's hair and then going through the hair strand by strand to get eggs but I honestly don't do this any more.  I just do another 20 minute combing in the bath 4 days later.  And another one 4 days after that.  And another one 4 days after that.  Though, I rarely find anything past the second lice combing.  As you know, that's all I do - I do no extra laundry, washing of bedding, vacuuming, braiding of hair, changing of schedules, staying up late - anything.  I find that routine lice checks make lice a non-issue.  You find the lice before anyone was even aware there was a problem and you deal with it while the problem is small and easily remedied.

I'd like to talk about spot checks because my position on these has changed.  If someone in the house was scratching their head, I used to stop everything and do a quick look at the scalp to see if there were any signs of head lice.  But now I think this is (a) paranoia inducing, (b) inconvenient, and (c) ineffective.  Visual lice checks only really work if you have a major lice problem and in my home, we never have major lice problems because we catch things early.  So, if someone scratches their head, I ignore it.  If someone scratches their head a lot or complains of itchiness, they get a quick wet combing because wet combings are way more effective than visual lice checks.

I cannot get a lice comb through my child's hair for various reasons.  (Or, I don't have access to a metal lice comb.) What do I do?

If your child is traumatized by the pulling of a metal lice comb even through detangled and conditioned hair, then just use a regular plastic fine toothed comb.  It will take out adult bugs and if you comb often enough you will get out the bugs before they lay eggs; this may take longer but you can still outrun their cycle. But if all combing is problematic, go through your child's scalp with your fingers and just take out what you can. Get under some good light (a head lamp is very helpful in this process.  My dollar store head lamp cost $2.50.) This is actually a very relaxing process for children.  We used to put on comfy clothes, put on a movie, and my children would lay down on the couch with their head on a pillow in my lap and I would just go through with my fingers.  For me, it was like knitting - very calming.  For my children, it was also relaxing - they would sometimes fall asleep and I would have to wake them up to turn over so I could look at the other side their head. As I mentioned above, you can also use a blow dryer; check out how here.  You know, if I knew of lice products that really worked so well that you didn't have to remove the bugs and eggs off the head, I would recommend them. Honest. But, I've been to homes where every lice product available in my country has been used correctly and repeatedly without success.  Manual removal is your best bet - it's cheap and can still be effective if you put in the time.

I'm combing with the lice comb and finding nothing but I feel still itchy.  I can feel something crawling on my head.  I'm sure I still have head lice!  What do I do?

The best thing you can do is to calm down.  Trust the comb.  Itching can be caused by many things that are not head lice, including hyper-awareness.  Everyone starts to scratch their heads at the thought of head lice, including me. If you are not finding anything in the lice comb, then you don't have a lice problem.  That said, still do regular combings once in a while just to make sure.  If the itching persists or gets worse, talk to your doctor.

My child has head lice and you say that I don't need to wash her bedding, vacuum her mattress,  or bag up her stuffed animals.  Are you $!#*% serious?

Yep.

I'm combing my head and this white flaky, sometimes sticky stuff is in my comb.  What is that?

It is "not nits".  It may be dandruff. It may be the build up of some hair product. It may be something gross that the wind blew your way or that your toddler wiped on you.  Nits are uniform in shape; not flaky but oval.  When you get them off the head, they can sometimes even seem to have a teensy little tail - this is not the egg but a piece of your hair that was ripped off with the egg. The bugs always look the same - they just change in size. A louse the size of a speck of pepper looks just like a grown up louse when you check it out under a microscope. So any particles of varying size or shape should not be a major concern. 

My daughter's friend's mom just told me she has lice. My daughter has played with her friend recently.  Does this mean my daughter has lice? 

No.  Whenever I find out that someone we have hung out with has lice, I actually wait until our weekly routine lice check to follow it up. (Unless we have been feeling particularly itchy, then I will do a wet combing to check within the day.)  If nothing shows up in the routine check, I just wait until the next week to do another routine check.  And if I do find lice, I start the routine of wet combing every few days until we have had no sightings of nits or bugs for two weeks.

These head lice wouldn't bother me so much if they didn't bite me all over my body?  What can I do to deal with that?

Talk to a doctor or public health nurse because your problem isn't head lice.  Head lice only bite on the scalp or a bit down the neck or around the ears.  If you have bites somewhere else, you may be dealing with bed bugs, fleas, scabies, or an allergic reaction to something else.

And lastly, my favourite question:

What makes you a candidate for head lice?

Being human.

Margaret Cho sings "Lice"

Margaret Cho, comedian extraordinaire, performed a soulful song on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert that I will be singing for days.  Anything that puts the lowly louse in the spotlight is welcome and refreshing.  It is musically lovely and a truly enjoyable performance. But as you listen, see if you can you find the misconceptions about how to manage this critter crisis.

 

• The song starts with an implication that you get lice from an impoverished nation. Lice has no nationality - wherever there are humans, you will probably find lice. Though, there are some populations which seemingly have a lower chance of getting head lice.  At least for now.
• In this song, Cho says you need shampoo, which I'm assuming means a pesticide treatment.  This is not true, especially when the pesticide in the most popular lice "shampoos" have been shown to be ineffective. Lice have built a resistance to them.
• Cho mentions a fine toothed comb.  If you have lice, this is your greatest weapon in the fight.  Combs with long, rigid, metal teeth are the best. Plastic fine toothed combs, while still somewhat effective on getting out adult bugs, are not as effective on eggs and nymphs.
• Shaving the head.  Drastic, yes. Not the way I would go but it is a way to get rid of your head lice in no time at all. Just getting an army buzz cut isn't enough - lice can still thrive on a scalp with very little hair. Did you watch the end of the song?  Cho totally rocks that look. In the song, shaving the head is mentioned in the context of having dreadlocks.  I have to say, I know of no truly effective ways to treat head lice on people with dreads. If I had dreads for religious reasons, head lice wouldn't be a good enough reason to shave my head. Since someone with dreads can't get a lice comb through the hair, the fast blowing air of a blow dryer might be their next best tool.
• With lice you don't have to 'go to the mattresses'.  In fact, you don't have to do anything with your mattress because lice don't live on your furniture. They live on your scalp.  Save the dragging of your mattress outside to bake in the hot sun for your bed bug problem. Lice also do not thrive in your garbage. Do they make apartments in your ears? No. Around your ears? Yes.
• Will lice seem like they are dead after a shower? Sort of.  When wet, lice sort of hunker down and close themselves off - they move more slowly and may seem like they are no longer a problem. But those suckers can hold their breath for a long time and can stay alive in water for a day. So, while your shower won't get rid of your lice problem, a wet louse, is easier to detect and comb out.  And if you add some hair conditioner, you can even get the nits out more easily too. 

Even though I disagree with some of Cho's lice premises, I still love the song. Head lice shouldn't be something that we freak out about. Some laid-back humour is just what we need to get through the pain-in-the-arse that head lice is. Anything to get us past the stigma of having this very common pest.

Now, if I could only find out where I can get that awesome louse hoodie.

Something old, something new

The American Academy of Pediatrics just put out a new report on Head Lice.  It is a doozy - it covers everything from lice biology and life cycle, to transmission, diagnosis, and treatment.  It looks at the different pesticides you can use on lice in the United States (which I do not recommend) and non-chemical treatments such as the very expensive machine from Lareda Sciences and in-expensive lice combing.  It doesn't give you all the info from all the studies that are out there, but it tries to provide an overview of what is going on in the lice world today.  Most of what you read here you probably have read before.  However, there are a few new nuggets of interest.

Check it out here.  Of course, there are things I like and things I'm not so keen on in this report.  I'm not going to go through all of it with you here; review it for yourself. Here's just a few things that caught my eye:

"Additionally, because lice infestation is benign, treatments should not be associated with adverse effects and should be reserved for patience on whom living lice are found." 
LIKE - Lice are benign, people!  They are a nuisance to be sure, but they are not the health risk that many schools and parents make them out to be. 

DISLIKE - I really like that it says you should only do a "treatment" when lice have actually been found on the head. However, this paper later says that perhaps you should also do a treatment on people who don't have head lice if they share a bed with someone who does.  Which contradicts the statement above. They say this is prudent but don't back this idea up with research.  I say this is not prudent but I don't recommend any chemicals anyway. What I recommend is that when lice are found on one person in the home, everyone should get a lice check through wet combing. Low cost, no side effects, proven effectiveness.

" Note that some experts refer to "eggs" as containing the developing nymph and use "nits" to refer to empty egg casings; others use the term "nits" to refer to both eggs and the empty casings."

LIKE - I simply like statement his because I have heard other lice professionals say that those of us who use "nits" for both developing eggs and egg shells are wrong.  I use "nits" for both because most people, myself included, should not be wasting any time trying to guess if the egg shell is full or empty.  It is much quicker just to get everything out of the hair.

 

"Pruritus results from sensitization to components of the saliva". - Don't get worked up about this.  Pruritus simply means itching.

 

"However, there are reports that combing dry hair can build up enough static electricity to physically eject an adult louse from an infested scalp for a distance of 1 m."

DISLIKE - I have never heard this before, but it seems there is a study to back this up. Still, mentioning this seems like fear mongering. What are all the factors that would have to be in place for this to happen?  And if it did happen, so what?  If a louse gets ejected off my head due to static electricity, great! One more louse off the head.  It is unlikely that it will be thrown perfectly onto someone else's head.  Wherever it goes, this paper reminds us that the louse cannot live off of the head for very long.  Static electricity is a not a significant factor in the spreading of head lice and mentioning it in this paper will probably cause some panicked parents to keep their children away from static-electricity-causing balloon animals.  This is just one more thing that will distract people from the important work of getting the lice and nits off the head.

 

"A regular blow dryer should not be used in an attempt to accomplish this result [the same results as the modified hair dryer created by Lareda Sciences] because investigators have shown that wind and blow dryers can cause live lice to become airborne and potentially spread to others"

DISLIKE - This statement really concerns me. It is research done by Lareda Sciences that showed the effectiveness of a home blow dryer in the fight against head lice, but they have been trying to suppress this information ever since their report.  In their original research around their product, which you can read about here, they showed that a regular blow dryer at high speed, directed at small sections of hair, killed 98% of the eggs - which was the same result that their modified machine produced.  The notion that we should abandon the hair dryer as a tool in the fight against head lice in the chance that a louse may be blown off the head is ridiculous.  When I am blow drying the dry hair of someone who has head lice, I am directing the air in a controlled way on one section of hair at a time.  I'm not blow drying the hair all over the place in a crowded room. I'm usually in a bathroom or a kitchen and the air is blowing in the opposite direction of me and most people in the room.  If a louse were to be blown off, where would it go?  The bathroom floor?  How will that louse get on someone else's head?  If this is a significant way of getting lice off the head, why are we not recommending it as a removal technique?  Again, the effectiveness of using a blow dryer as directed in the original Lareda study far outweighs the minimal risk of blowing a louse on to someone else's head. As with the notes on static electricity, I find statements like these to be more hurtful than helpful.

 

So, much like most broad papers, this article still recommends the use of chemicals, and surprisingly, it still recommends he use of products like Nix and R&C.  This is astounding to me as there are so many studies showing that these chemicals have lost their effectiveness in Westernized nations. It also recommends doing some extra cleaning and laundry, which is disappointing. However, unlike older papers, this paper recommends that schools DO NOT adopt "no-nit" policies and that such policies might even be human rights violations. Now that I agree with.

 

Anyway, here are my favourite parts of this article:

 

"There is an obvious benefit of the manual removal process that can allow a parent and child to have some close, extended time together while safely removing infestations and residual debris without using potentially toxic chemicals on the child or in the environment...Because none of the pediculicides [chemical treatments] are 100% ovicidal [egg-killers] nits (especially the ones within 1 cm of the scalp) should be removed manually after treatment with any product."

LIKE - No matter what you use, you still have to manually remove the eggs!  But most people buy chemical treatments because they think that it will allow them to avoid this step -they don't want to have to do the work of nit picking or combing. And yet, no matter what so-called "treatment" you choose, you still have to do the work. Of course, you know that in my experience, it is the wet combing that actually solves the problem in the first place, so I think you should save your money and energy by skipping the "treatment" and go right to the wet combing.

 

"As new products are introduced, it is important to consider effectiveness, safety, expense, availability, patient preference, and ease of application."

LIKE - I agree. Keep these things in mind when dealing with your head lice.  I've said it before, effective doesn't have to be expensive. You don't have to put your family at risk for side effects - remember, head lice are benign! The various chemical treatments listed in this study are often not effective, can have side effects, can be very costly, not readily available, and can have confusing instructions for use. In my mind, lice/nit picking, wet combing, and safe blow drying (don't use high heat - the lice can dry up without the scalp getting burned!) are the only treatments that cover all the criteria for effectiveness, safety, and accessibility.

 

Question period...

Many questions have come up in recent comments and conversations. I think that there are others that might have similar questions, so I thought I'd answer some questions here to the best of my ability.

Question: I combed and got rid of the lice but found no nits.  Am I lice free?

Answer: Where there's smoke there's usually fire and where there's lice, there are usually nits.  Not always, but you should keep on wet combing every few days just in case a missed nit turns into a unwanted bug.  When you have been regularly combing for 2 weeks with no new bug sightings, that's when I think you can breathe a sigh of relief and reduce your combing to routine lice checking.

Question: Two months ago we had head lice and we beat it but now my daughter has it again.  Why?

Answer: I don't know.  Either something was missed the last time your daughter had lice or she just got it again from someone else.  Beating lice once doesn't mean that you will never get lice again.  Just take a breath and start combing.  Remember, don't waste your time on ineffective busy work - no extra laundry washing, vacuuming, or bagging up toys.  Just get those suckers off the head.

Question: Is there anything I can do to prevent from getting head lice?

Answer:

Thanks for the call.

I received a call from an absolutely exhausted mother. She had been running on 3 hours sleep every night for the last 2 weeks. Her pre-teen daughter had head lice. They tried to get rid of it with Nix. They then tried Resultz. But they were still seeing live bugs on the head. The girl was still going to school, but her mother had pulled her from all her extra-curricular activities over this. Constantly cleaning, laundering, combing (with the Nix comb), and worrying, it was clear that this family had sacrificed everything to the The Louse.

I was so glad that she called. It is the best feeling in the world when you can give the news that the excessive cleaning can stop. I am overjoyed to tell a family that there are simple, inexpensive ways to deal with this problem. I tell them about what lice are and what lice are not. By asking specific questions, I can learn about what they know, clear up their misconceptions, and give them proven tools to get rid of head lice.

By the end of the call, the mother was almost crying tears of joy. I completely understood the marathon that she had been through. I validated her abilities and efforts and knew that she would be more than capable to utilize the new information to win the battle.

If you are dealing with the problem of head lice, the information on this blog is for you. But if you need to talk to a person, have questions, or just want to vent about head lice, give me a call. If I'm out, leave me a message and I'll call you back. I would be happy to talk to you. And to the woman, if you are reading this, thanks again for the call. Here's to catching up on your sleep!

If head lice really creep you out, don't look at these pictures.

Rick Speare, who was a professor and researcher at James Cook University, developed a great slide show on the biology of the head louse. Check it out here. The pictures are amazing and show an indepth look at the louse's specialized parts. (In this picture, I imagine louse saying, "I'm a survivor!") These pictures and explanations can help you understand how a head louse operates. Very interesting stuff, but it also just goes to show that any bug, when you look at it closely enough, looks sort of like something from "Alien".

Myth Busters: Lice Edition

In a world where we have more research information then ever before, it amazes me that certain myths still prevail about head lice. You may have even heard some of them.

First, there are the old myths which most people now recognize as untrue:

Myth 1: Lice can jump or fly.
Nope. They are not built for it. They also cannot climb up your leg if they have fallen on the floor. On the hair, watch out - they have a need for speed and can move quickly. Off of the scalp, they can barely crawl.

Myth #2: Lice are microscopic. Not true. Lice do not spread like viruses. Lice can be seen with the naked eye. If you can see the period at the end of this sentence, you can see a newly hatched louse or a nit (egg). Adult lice can grow to be the size of a large sesame seed. Nymphs (immature lice) can be as small as a speck of pepper (at this stage, they will be red.) So, lice and nits are not microscopic, but they can still be hard to see and easy to miss. When on the hunt for head lice, ensure that you have good light and patience.

Myth #3: People can get head lice from, or give it to, their pets.
No, pediculosis capitis is a human parasite. Dogs and cats have their own species-specific lice.

Myth #4: People get head lice due to poor hygiene.
Body lice, yes. Head lice, no. The next myth that circulates after this one is that lice actually prefer clean hair, but really, lice just like a warm human scalp. Clean or dirty, it doesn't matter.

And now some other myths that you might not be so familiar with:

Myth #5: You need to treat your head lice with lice "shampoos" or treatments.
When I tell people that I deal with head lice without using any specialized lice treatments, they sometimes look at me as if I have a third eye. Not only do you not need special lice treatments to deal with this problem, studies are showing that many of these treatments, especially those with permethrin shampoos, are ineffective as lice are adapting to these pesticides. It is my opinion that the use of these shampoos is actually increasing the problem as in trusting these treatments, we are not actually doing what we need to do to get rid of the head lice and the problem just grows and grows.

Myth #6: You need to do extensive cleaning, wash bedding, and put away stuffed animals to keep from being re-infested with head lice.
Extra house cleaning and so-called protective measures do nothing in the fight against head lice. Really. When I tell this to parents, most are in shock and half are in disbelief. Usually because they just took three days off work to clean their house from top to bottom and are exhausted. But the research is clear - head lice are spread by head to head contact. You don't get head lice from the love seat. They only thrive on the scalp. All energy should be spent on removing lice from the head.

Myth #7: All medical professionals know best.
Not all. Some know nothing about head lice. I've seen too many people misdiagnosed with head lice when they didn't have it or dry scalp when they did. I trust community health nurses that actually deal with lice removal on a regular basis over doctors who only know what they have read in books. I trust medical professionals who do research in the are of head lice over school nurses that hand out pamphlets that say "You must use a permethrin based shampoo." I am not a medical professional and neither are any others in the lice removal business. We are more like housekeepers, doing a cleaning job that you could do for yourself but don't want to or can't do. And just as a housekeeper knows dirt, we know lice.

Myth #8: Feelings never lie.
In most circumstances, our feelings and anxieties serve a purpose. They protect us and move us to action. However, there are some of you who still let the panic and phantom itching take a hold of you at the mention of the head lice. Maybe you are dealing with head lice and continue to drain your energy in cleaning marathons or are pouring every kind of expensive lice concoction or unproven home remedy on the scalps of everyone in your household. Your feelings tell you that you need to go crazy to deal with this problem. But your feelings are wrong. I know lice give you the creeps but you don't have to go nuts, no matter what your gut says.

Get information and let your head lead you on this one.

Help! I just found out we have head lice!

So you just received the unfortunate news. Maybe from you child's teacher or a friend. Maybe you discovered it yourself. What do you do?

First, take a breath and repeat after me, "It's not life or death. It's just head lice." Remind yourself that head lice are not a health issue. Just because they are icky and itchy, that doesn't mean they are a serious threat. Learn about what head lice are and are not.

Second, take another breath and say, "I can deal with this." Because you can. Think of all the other bigger problems you have dealt with in your life. This is an inconvenience but you will be able to handle this.

Third, forget a lot about what you heard about getting rid of head lice. Don't do ANY extra laundry or house cleaning - I know that most of the available information tells you that you need to bag stuffed toys and wash everything in hot water, but it is simply a waste of your time. In dealing with head lice, most people become burned out - not because of the bugs or the eggs, but because of the cleaning. Just don't do it. (Reverse NIKE psychology.)

Speaking of time wasters (and money wasters), don't put all your trust that chemical head lice treatments or "shampoos" will completely treat your head lice or reduce the time you need to spend combing. All of my business comes from people who first used a treatment (mostly the permethrin based "shampoos" like Nix and R&C). Study after study is showing that in developed nations, our lice have adapted to these pesticides. So, save your money and save your time. Head lice can be dealt with without these treatments.

Fourth, get some inexpensive tools. A great lice comb, a blow dryer, a cheap head lamp, and some cheap hair conditioner are some wonderful tools that you can use again and again with great success.

Fifth, get to work. Read this post about how to remove head lice. Again, lice only thrive on the head so this is the only area you want to spend time on. And don't feel stuck doing all the nit picking in the bathroom - pick a comfortable location. (Look where I nit pick my own children.)
 

Sixth, check everyone else in the household. They may not have it, but you should check to find out.
 

Seventh, get some rest. Have some tea or other comforting drink. Take care of yourself. This is going to be a part of your life for a while. Get informed by reading the various articles on this blog. If you start to panic, go back to step one. You need to ease your mind. This is just an inconvenience. It's part of life. You can do this.

Why are head lice such a mystery?

While head lice is an age old problem, in depth research about head lice is a relatively new phenomenon with almost all the scientific research happening within the last 100 years. Unlike some areas of research that have been studied more extensively, we are still discovering new things all the time about head lice. Studies that are just a few years old may already have been disproven. Each year, more comprehensive information is uncovered about head lice transmission and treatment. Why are head lice such a mystery? Here are my thoughts...

Common Sense Myths VS. Radical Research

I love the Internet. More specifically, I love a good search engine. I love being able to find information about almost anything in a matter of seconds via the Internet. Because of these technological advances, the common man has more access to information than ever before in history. We can learn about, and sometimes even seemingly diagnose, illnesses or conditions thanks to Dr. Google.

I think the use of the Internet has really helped in the fight against head lice. Without the Internet, I wouldn’t have access to research and you wouldn’t be reading this blog. That said, I find it sad that while we have new ways to share information, most head lice “experts” are offering up old information about how to deal with head lice. There are some head lice myths that most head lice authorities debunk, such as the myth that head lice can jump (they can’t) or that lice prefer clean hair (they don’t care about your hair, they just want your blood). But there are other head lice myths that are still promoted as fact by most websites and health authorities. Before I talk about them, I ask you, dear reader, to put away your assumptions about head lice; those strongly held believes about bugs or those compulsions that cause you to want to panic. The information I want to share will challenge so much of what you have been told about head lice. Have an open mind and read the research for yourself.

Common Sense Myth #1: To get rid of head lice, you must really clean your house and launder (or store away) your clothes, pillows, stuffed toys, and bedding.

Radical Research: Head lice are not a virus that infests your home or belongings. A louse is a bug that lives on the human head. Research has shown that extensive house cleaning or laundering makes no difference in the fight against head lice.

Why I want you to know this: It breaks my heart to talk to parents (mostly mothers) who are getting only 2-3 hours of sleep every night because they are constantly vacuuming, washing the bedding, bleaching the floors, packing up the toys, etc. I know the panic that head lice can cause in a household and I understand our desire to do everything we can to get rid of it. However, all this vacuuming and laundering is just giving you a false sense of security. It isn’t actually doing anything to get rid of (or prevent) the problem of head lice and it is using up precious energy that you could be using to actually focus on the head and deal with the problem effectively.

Read more about cleaning the Floor and see point #2 below

Common Sense Myth #2: You can get head lice by sharing the hat, brush, seat, or shirt of someone who has head lice and must take great care not to share or touch these items if they have been in contact with someone who has head lice.

Radical Research: Head lice are passed by direct head to head contact. Period. There is no real basis in the common notion that lice are transferred through inanimate objects.

Why I want you to know this: I know that this information goes against what we feel is common sense. This information was even hard for me to swallow – when I first started my journey into head lice removal, I always shared the conventional wisdom that said head lice could be transferred via our hats, brushes, etc. But the research is sound and shows us that time is wasted when we focus on trying to prevent the spread of head lice by controlling our belongings. If we spent less time trying to keep our kid’s jackets from touching other kid’s jackets in school and spent more time just checking for lice on the heads of our children, we would be so much further ahead in the fight.

Read More about transmission via inanimate objects

Common Sense Myth #3: You need to kill the head lice through the use of a pesticidal lice treatment, such as a product containing permethrin, in order to stop the infestation cycle.

Radical Research: Numerous studies have shown that head lice have become resistant to pesticides and are simply not as effective as they once were.

Why I want you to know this: In Edmonton, our health authority and school boards are still telling parents that these pesticidal treatments are the #1 way to deal with the problem of head lice. And yet, ALL of my business comes from people who have first used these treatments. These treatments are costly and rarely work. By putting our faith in these treatments, we are preventing ourselves from actually dealing with the problem. Well meaning, conscientious people, people who have diligently followed the advice of health professionals, are going out in public, assuming that they have solved their head lice problem when they may still be infested and at risk of passing on these parasites. The cycle continues and the problem grows.

Read more about pesticide resistance in head lice and specifically permethrin

Common Sense Myth#4: That chemicals are our only weapon in the fight against head lice.

Radical Research: Wet combing techniques and the use of hot air have been proven effective in the detection and treatment of head lice.

Why I want you to know this: Mechanical removal of head lice is a very accessible and effective technique in the fight against head lice. A proper lice comb is inexpensive in comparison to the cost of lice "shampoos" and can be used repeatedly with each family member. A warm air treatment that has a great success rate in drying out eggs and a substantial success rate in drying out bugs can be carried out with a low-cost hand held hair dryer.

Read more here about wet combing in lice detection

Read more here about wet combing in lice removal

Read more here about the use of hot air

Common Sense Myth #5: Health and school professionals know all about head lice.

Radical Research: Health / school professionals often misdiagnose head lice and recommend unnecessary treatment or call for the removal of children from schools though active cases of head lice may not be present.

Why I want you to know this: Many school boards and childcare centres have "no-nit policies" and yet may be misdiagnosing cases of head lice. Public health and school nurses usually recommend, and some even dictate, the use of chemical treatments. However, they may not know about the most up-to-date research. You can become the expert about your child's head lice. You can detect an active case of head lice through wet combing and with regular follow up, you can deal with this problem without costly treatments. You also have a right to expect your healthy child to stay in or return to school.

Read more about misdiagnosis here.

Conclusion: For every new study that debunks our old myths, many more new web pages come up that reinforce the incorrect stereotypes of having head lice and how to treat it. In fact, there's research about that too. Click here. If you would like to chat about what you've read, leave a comment or email me. Let's stay informed.

Update: Check out these amazing pictures of head lice up close. This is great information about lice anatomy and will help you understand how they live so well on your head.

How do you get lice? From someone else's head.

Click on this link to a great study that supports the idea the head lice are NOT effectively spread through inanimate objects (clothing, furniture, pillowcases, hats, brushes, etc.). This study is from the Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine at James Cook University, Austrailia. My favourite sentence from the conclusion is:

"We conclude that the control of head lice should focus on the head and not on the environment."

Incidently, this study also mentions how long lice can live without a meal:

What about nits (eggs) not right near the scalp?

Nice picture, huh? I like and encourage the reading of a variety of head lice fact sheets from a variety of research centres/universities. While the facts are usually (but not always) the same, they occasionally use different language that helps you understand an issue more clearly.

For example, here's an excerpt from the fact sheet from the Entomology Department of the College of Agricultural Sciences of Penn State University. It is regarding the viability of eggs that are not right near the scalp:

When to call in a professional...

Most of the calls I receive come from people who want to know how to deal with this problem on their own. I am very happy to share all kinds of information about head lice and will do what I can to help you. You don't need a professional and every lice removal "expert" got that way just through experience, which my callers soon get. However, there are times that you might want an in-home visit.

You might want to call in a head lice professional when...

How to become an expert.

How did I get to know so much about head lice?
Well, first, I was exposed to lice/nit-picking, realized that I rather liked doing it, and then did it for everyone I knew that had head lice. Then I read everything that I could get my hands on about head lice, from reputable and not-so-reputable sources. After that, I took my new knowledge out for a spin. Did you know that adult lice can swim in Nix for a long time? I do, because I dropped them in the Nix myself. How do I know that a louse can look like a minuscule red speck of pepper? Because I saw the tiniest red speck on someone's head, wondered "what is that?", looked at it under my microscope and found it to be a perfect little louse. How do I know that you can believe those studies that say that permethrin, the pesticides found in most lice "shampoos", has become essentially ineffective?

Do You Really Have Head Lice? How To Check It Out.

If you suspect that someone you know has head lice, check it out.
If you think you might have head lice, find a buddy to check for you.

1. Comb through the hair to remove all the tangles.

2. Ensuring that are looking under good light, go through the hair section by section, and hair by hair looking for any lice eggs or bugs. You can use your fingers to do this, or you can use a regular comb to gently pull away a few hairs at a time for examining. You only really need to look for any lice activity from the scalp to approximately 3 inches off of the scalp, though be extra diligent in your search if find older lice activity farther away from the scalp. It may help to use hair clips to keep the hair in sections. Look through the hair from different angles, looking over the hair and under the hair.

3. Check for nits (live eggs or hatched eggs). Don’t waste time wondering if eggs are live or hatched – if you have them, you have a problem. Their eggs are like tiny oval drops that are yellowish-white and are completely glued to the hair. On dark hair, they can look white and on light hair, they look dark. If you see something on the hair, flick it with your finger or try to brush it away. If it moves, it is NOT a nit. Also, look at its shape – is it a completely uniform oval shape? If not, it is not a nit. Now, having nits DOES NOT guarantee that you will have an active case of head lice. It does mean that you should investigate further.

4. Watch for live bugs. The baby louse starts out as small as a tiny speck of pepper. After hatching, it is completely clear in colour, but it turns red after its first meal, and it then turns a translucent brownish colour as it grows. Its colour is enhanced by the colour of the hair it is in – head lice look darker in lighter hair and can easily blend in with darker hair. A louse is as big as a sesame seed when it is fully grown. If you see a bug, remove it immediately. Note, in dry hair, bugs run from the light and can move very quickly through the hair. In wet hair, bugs stay still so after checking for eggs, you should comb through wet hair with a fine tooth comb to see if you comb out any bugs. You can add some hair conditioner to the hair to make combing easier.

5. Start wet combing. Here's where the real checking begins. It's great if you have a metal lice comb but this can even be done with a plastic fine toothed comb. Wet your already detangled hair and coat it with some cheap hair conditioner. Comb through the hair from scalp to tip and check the comb after each stroke for lice (this probably won't remove any eggs or tiny bugs, but adult lice can still be caught this way). Keep on combing until you have counted to at least 100 (or found a bug, whichever comes first).

At the first sign of bugs, switch from doing lice checking to doing lice removal. If you have any questions, give me a call. Good Luck!

What You Should Know About Head Lice

Here are some basic facts about head lice. You should really know what you are dealing with. As they say, knowledge is power.

Head lice are very small, and often difficult to find on the scalp, but they are not microscopic.
Lice and eggs are not like viruses - they can be seen with the naked eye. Their eggs are like tiny oval drops that are yellowish-white and are completely glued to the hair. The baby louse starts out as small as a speck of pepper. After hatching, it is completely clear in colour, but it turns red after its first meal, and it then turns a translucent brownish colour as it grows. Its colour can also be enhanced by the colour of the hair it is in – head lice look darker in lighter hair and can easily blend in with darker hair. A louse is as big as a sesame seed when it is fully grown.

The life cycle of lice lasts around 50 days.
They are in an egg for 7-10 days. After they hatch, they grow and molt their way to adulthood for another 10 days or so, and then once they reach adulthood, they live for about 30 days.

The female louse can lay about 3-10 eggs every day.
She can lay up to about 100 eggs in her lifetime. It sounds like a lot, but you can always pick her eggs off faster than she can lay them if you are diligent.

Lice are only passed from head to head through direct contact.
They cannot jump, they cannot fly, and you can’t get them just by being a room with someone who had head lice. The most current research shows that you also cannot get them from inanimate objects such as hats or brushes that have been used by someone who has head lice.

Head lice are a nuisance and a big inconvenience, but they are not a health issue. Unless you scratch your head so much that you create wounds that get infected, the head lice just create a bothersome itch, and that’s all.

Head lice like clean heads. They like dirty heads. They just like heads.
Having head lice does not mean that you have poor hygiene.

Head lice can only survive off the head for 2-3 days.
Otherwise, they starve.

Head lice can hold their breath and hang on.
This is why they are not affected when you go swimming or have a shower.

Head lice live on the human head (and sometimes they visit the neck for a snack).
You cannot give them to or get them from your pets. If you see bites on other parts of your body, you are dealing with something else and should seek medical attention. If you see bugs crawling around your home and you know that they didn’t just get shaken or brushed off of your head, then you can safely say that they aren’t head lice but a different problem to deal with.

Head lice are stopped by head cleaning, not house cleaning.There is no evidence to show that house cleaning or laundering will reduce your chances of reinfestation or will increase your chances of getting rid of the problem. They live on the head and are useless off of the head. So don't waste your energy by performing a marathon cleaning/laundry frenzy. Save your time for dealing with what's on the head.

Study says wet combing is more effective than "treatments".

Here is a link to an article that reported on a study about wet combing. In this study, wet combing was proven to be more effective than over-the-counter treatments:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4744929.stm

Isn't that just what I've been saying, my dears? Adult lice go into survival mode when wet - they "freeze", staying still long enough for you to comb many of them out. (Note that I'm talking about ADULT bugs - baby bugs, or nymphs, are often too tiny, so keep combing regularly until you are sure the problem is gone.) When you wet comb, add a little bit of conditioner to the hair to keep it from drying too quickly. Also, don't forget to remove the eggs as well (the combs, even the excellent combs, won't remove all the nits). One thing I find interesting though - this article mentions a product called "The Bug Buster Kit". Do you know what this kit is? A box of fine-tooth combs. Even a regular comb can take out a quite a few adult bugs when the hair is wet. Why do we have to make combing into a "program" or "product"? Yet another gimmick to buy. But there is no product that will completely get rid of head lice.

But there is a person that can get rid of head lice - YOU. (And if you want some help, just call me.)